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Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

Addition (+): Adds two operands.
Subtraction (-): Subtracts the second operand from the first.
Multiplication (*): Multiplies two operands.
Division (/): Divides the first operand by the second, returns a float.
Floor Division (//): Divides the first operand by the second, returns an integer.
Modulus (%): Returns the remainder of division.
Exponentiation (**): Raises the first operand to the power of the second.


# Arithmetic Operators
a = 10
b = 3

print(a + b)  # Addition: 13
print(a - b)  # Subtraction: 7
print(a * b)  # Multiplication: 30
print(a / b)  # Division: 3.3333...
print(a // b) # Floor Division: 3
print(a % b)  # Modulus: 1
print(a ** b) # Exponentiation: 1000

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values and return a boolean result (True or False).

Equal to (==): Checks if two values are equal.
Not equal to (!=): Checks if two values are not equal.
Greater than (>): Checks if the first value is greater than the second.
Less than (<): Checks if the first value is less than the second.
Greater than or equal to (>=): Checks if the first value is greater than or equal to the second.
Less than or equal to (<=): Checks if the first value is less than or equal to the second.


# Comparison Operators
x = 5
y = 10

print(x == y) # Equal to: False
print(x != y) # Not equal to: True
print(x > y)  # Greater than: False
print(x < y)  # Less than: True
print(x >= y) # Greater than or equal to: False
print(x <= y) # Less than or equal to: True

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements and return a boolean result.

And (and): Returns True if both operands are true.
Or (or): Returns True if at least one of the operands is true.
Not (not): Returns True if the operand is false.


# Logical Operators
a = True
b = False

print(a and b) # And: False
print(a or b)  # Or: True
print(not a)   # Not: False

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Equal to (=): Assigns a value to a variable.
Plus equal to (+=): Adds and assigns a value to a variable.
Minus equal to (-=): Subtracts and assigns a value to a variable.
Multiply equal to (*=): Multiplies and assigns a value to a variable.
Divide equal to (/=): Divides and assigns a value to a variable.
Floor divide equal to (//=): Floor divides and assigns a value to a variable.
Modulus equal to (%=): Modulus and assigns a value to a variable.
Exponentiate equal to (**=): Exponentiates and assigns a value to a variable.


# Assignment Operators
num = 10

num += 5  # Plus equal to: num = 15
num -= 3  # Minus equal to: num = 12
num *= 2  # Multiply equal to: num = 24
num /= 4  # Divide equal to: num = 6.0
num //= 2 # Floor divide equal to: num = 3.0
num %= 2  # Modulus equal to: num = 1.0
num **= 3 # Exponentiate equal to: num = 1.0

Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to perform bit-level operations.

And (&): Performs a bitwise AND operation.
Or (|): Performs a bitwise OR operation.
XOR (^): Performs a bitwise XOR operation.
Complement (~): Inverts all the bits of the operand.
Left shift (<<): Shifts bits to the left.
Right shift (>>): Shifts bits to the right.


# Bitwise Operators
a = 5  # 0101 in binary
b = 3  # 0011 in binary

print(a & b)  # Bitwise AND: 1 (0001 in binary)
print(a | b)  # Bitwise OR: 7 (0111 in binary)
print(a ^ b)  # Bitwise XOR: 6 (0110 in binary)
print(~a)     # Bitwise Complement: -6 (invert bits)
print(a << 1) # Left shift: 10 (1010 in binary)
print(a >> 1) # Right shift: 2 (0010 in binary)

Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to test if a value or variable is found in a sequence (e.g., list, tuple, string).

In: Returns True if a value is found in the sequence.
Not in: Returns True if a value is not found in the sequence.


# Membership Operators
sequence = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print(3 in sequence)    # True
print(10 not in sequence) # True

Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the memory locations of two objects.

Is: Returns True if both variables point to the same object.
Is not: Returns True if both variables point to different objects.


# Identity Operators
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a
c = [1, 2, 3]

print(a is b)  # True (same object)
print(a is not c) # True (different objects)